Historical Encyclopedia
Sri Lanka, with its rich and centuries-old history, has gifted the world many outstanding personalities who left a significant mark in various fields, including politics, religion, art, and science. Their achievements have shaped the cultural and historical heritage of the island, which remains meaningful to this day.
According to the chronicle "Mahavamsa," Vijaya is considered the first ruler of Sri Lanka and the founder of the Sinhalese people. He arrived on the island around the 6th century BC with his followers from Northern India. The story of Vijaya forms the basis of many myths and legends related to the origin of Sri Lankan culture and statehood.
Vijaya's reign marked the beginning of a long line of dynasties that played an important role in shaping the political structure of the island.
King Duttugemunu (2nd century BC) became one of the greatest rulers in the history of Sri Lanka. His reign was marked by the unification of the country after prolonged conflicts with the Tamil kingdoms in the north of the island. He is known for his victory over King Elara and the restoration of Buddhism as the main religion in Sri Lanka.
One of his most significant achievements was the construction of Ruwanwelisaya—a huge stupa in Anuradhapura, which remains a symbol of Buddhist faith and architectural mastery.
Arahant Mahinda was an Indian monk who brought Buddhism to Sri Lanka in the 3rd century BC. He was the son of Emperor Ashoka and played a crucial role in spreading Buddhist teachings among the island's population.
His efforts contributed not only to the spiritual but also to the cultural development of Sri Lanka. Mahinda helped establish Buddhism as the primary religion and laid the foundations for monastic education, influencing the development of literature, architecture, and art.
Queen Anula, who lived in the 1st century BC, became the first female ruler of Sri Lanka. She entered history as a wise and determined ruler who contributed to the strengthening of Buddhism and the expansion of the country's cultural influence.
Her reign demonstrated that women could occupy significant positions in governance and religion, which was rare for that time.
King Parakramabahu I, known as the Great, ruled in the 12th century. He became famous for his achievements in governance, construction, and military affairs. His reign is considered the "golden age" of Sri Lanka, when the economy and culture reached their peak.
Parakramabahu I conducted large-scale irrigation projects, including the creation of Parakrama Samudra—a vast reservoir still used for agriculture. He also promoted the development of Buddhist monasteries and temples.
Ananda Coomaraswamy (1877–1947) was an outstanding scholar, philosopher, and artist who played an important role in popularizing Sri Lankan culture beyond the island. He was one of the first researchers of traditional South Asian art and helped the Western world understand the significance of Buddhist and Hindu philosophy.
His works on art history and culture made him a key figure in global cultural exchange and the preservation of Sri Lankan heritage.
Solomon Bandaranaike (1899–1959) was the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka and one of the key politicians who influenced the country's modern development. He is known for his policy of promoting the Sinhalese language and culture, as well as his efforts to create an independent and unique Sri Lanka.
Despite controversies, his political reforms impacted the formation of national identity and the development of democratic institutions.
Chandrika Kumaratunga, the first female president of Sri Lanka, made significant contributions to the politics and social life of the country. Her presidency in the 1990s and early 2000s was marked by attempts at a peaceful resolution of the civil conflict between the government and Tamil separatists.
She also promoted reforms aimed at economic development and improving social conditions for all citizens of the country.
The famous historical figures of Sri Lanka represent a rich mosaic of individuals who influenced the development of the state, culture, and society. They have left an indelible mark on history and continue to inspire new leaders and generations, shaping the image of Sri Lanka as a unique and culturally rich island heritage.